Currently there is much discussion as to whether the chapter of West Germany’s post-war history popularly known as the "Economic Miracle" can be repeated in the region of the former GDR. Professor Lang presents a series of factors which encouraged the West German economic miracle at that time,...

Long before the socialist industrialized nations began to call their centrally planned, or government controlled, economies into question, policymakers in many developing countries with dirigistic, interventionist systems, including capitalist oriented ones, had started to rethink their economic...

The failure of Marxist-Leninist socialism, which has become clearly apparent during the past year, has done undeniable harm to the worldwide appeal of "socialism". Even concepts of socialism which had always expressly set themselves apart from "real-world socialism" in the Stalinist mould are...

The traditional focus of development cooperation on economic growth and the transfer of technology having proved insufficient, it would seem that an international consensus on the objectives and essence of development is now emerging which places strong emphasis on participation of the people...

Far-reaching changes in the People's Republic of China's economic and social policy have been decided and carried out since 1978. The following article analyses a number of selected aspects of the economic order to illustrate the direction the reforms are taking and the limitations to which they...

The debate on international competitiveness in recent years has increasingly focused on the structure of society. International competitiveness is seen not merely as a sign of a country’s productive capacity, but also as reflecting the efficiency of its social and political structures. The...

Is there a contradiction between international competitiveness and the central principles of the welfare state? The following article examines both the negative and the positive ways in which welfare statism can affect a country’s ability to compete on international markets.

The past two decades have witnessed considerable shifts in the world income and technology pyramid. A major factor in this was the differing ability of economic systems to bring forth innovations under the pressure of a highly dynamic environment. This article analyses the link between...

The dispute between the proponents of the market-economy road to development for the countries of the Third World and the advocates of the socialist road is an old one. Too often have the arguments been based on ideology rather than on facts. The recent publication by the World, Bank of...