However sharp the clash between the industrial countries' notions of a world economic order and those of the developing countries, one point is gaining increasing importance for both camps: the fight against spreading protectionism. Rising import barriers in the North restrict the developing...

The goal of phasing out, and ultimately eliminating, the differential treatment in trade presently accorded to developing countries was incorporated into the GATT during the Tokyo Round. What are the arguments in favour of this process of “graduation” and what would be its disadvantages?...

The next round of GATT negotiations - the so-called "Nixon Round" - will be opened at the ministerial level in Tokyo on September 12–14, 1973, and probably continue for several years in Geneva. Less developed countries (LDCs) which have not joined GATT but nevertheless wish to participate in...

All Latin American countries strive for diversification of the exportable industrial production and the exploitation of new and non-traditional foreign export markets. These efforts are not free from the dangers of erroneous assessment of the limits of exports resulting in grave disadvantages...

Escalating healthcare expenditures and the need to ensure access to affordable medicine in both emerging and emerged economies are fuelling calls to contain the so-called evergreening practices of drug producers around the world. But such practices are the necessary outcome of a system that...

The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is far broader in policy coverage than conventional trade agreements for goods. At the same time, governments are offered more flexibility to tailor their obligations to sector- or country-specific needs. As a result, commitments vary widely...

In the decade prior to the economic and financial crisis, Germany's net exports increased in absolute terms as well as relative to the growing level of import intensity of domestically produced export goods and services. This article analyses the direct and indirect employment effects induced...