This paper examines the need for liner conferences, or cartels, in international shipping, and compares investment in shipping to investment in housing, an industry which is not usually organized into private cartels. Then the paper discusses how the quantity of goods being shipped is likely to...

In ocean shipping effective competition cannot be expected without competitive controls as in this case the so called market mechanism frequently fails. The following article discusses the role of revenue pools in the system of organised competition in ocean shipping.