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The international competitiveness of German industry, so greatly dependent on exports, is in large measure determined both by fluctuations in the rate of exchange and by the level of its labour costs in relation to those of its competitors in the world market. Recent trends in these two factors...
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The foreign trade policies of the industrialized countries have become increasingly complex. The states in question do not apply uniform policies to all other countries but operate different arrangements for different groups of countries. The divergencies can be easily adduced as evidence in...
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Exchange rate volatility and long-term distortions of exchange rate levels have given rise to concern among participants in international trade. Do exchange rate fluctuations have an adverse impact on the volume of trade? What measures could be taken to achieve greater exchange rate stability?
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The 1980s have witnessed the globalization of markets and an intensified international competition. The rise of the newly industrializing countries and the growth of multinational enterprises-developing parallely to foreign direct investments-have contributed considerably to this trend. However,...
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Demography and the labour market are two important aspects that will have to be discussed in connection with possible Turkish membership of the European Community. The following article discusses these aspects primarily with regard to the situation in the EC and in Germany, which in the past was...
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Turkey already by the EC association agreement of 1963. The world-political events pivoting on Afghanistan have greatly … improved the chances for Turkey’s admission to the EC—despite all the economic problems which Turkish membership involves for … the EC and for Turkey itself. Prof. Gumpel analyses these problems here. …
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