Multinational enterprises (MNEs) increasingly seek to optimise their global innovative capabilities by incorporating subsidiary-specific advantages in different countries. But how important are the different location advantages for subsidiary investments in research and development? This paper...

We extend the theory of the multinational enterprise and the institutional perspective of strategy by exploring subsidiary-specific advantages as a driver of subsidiary exports. We distinguish between the factors influencing whether or not subsidiaries are exporting (export propensity) and those...