There is no consensus on the effects of small businesses development on poverty reduction. While some showed positive evidence, others have shown weak relationship.Those that showed negative or weak relationship did not indicate the factors responsible for this.Most of the existing studies have...

Concerned with the problem of increasing environmental degradation, it is important to examine the nature of the relationship between the level of economic activity or income and environmental quality indicators. Unlike studies that have examined the presence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve...

business cycle synchronization is an important topic since it involves with transfering economic shocks among the countries with some degree of business cycle synchronization. The synchronization may be increased by integrating. Estimating index of synchronization(de-trended real GDP...

Analyze extractive industry governance in Azerbaijan in comprehensive integrated manner (value chain) in order to ensure long term sustainable development in the country. Qualitative, Quantitative and Comparative methodology to consider the hypothesis and trying to prove that value chain...

To analyse the optimal landlocked and coastal countries' policies in an international imperfect competition. In particular the model shows the rivalry condition of the landlocked country's firm and coastal country's firm. In addition, we incorporates the interdependent condition of the...

Intra industry trade may promote bilateral and multilateral trade among the ECO members. The paper has investigated IIT and its potentials between the countries. The methodology is based on recent indices of IIT types. The results indicate low but increasing intra industry trade between the...

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The evolution of connectedness between international equity and commodity markets across time can be measured building on forecast error variance decomposition in a vector autoregression (VAR) framework. This approach permits the assessment of directional spillovers across markets on a...

The purpose of this paper is to examine the mean and volatility spillovers effects from a global factor US (GF US) stock market, regional factor Europe (RF EU) stock market and as the world factor oil price (WF Oil) changes on the eight European emerging and developing countries from September...

Due to the increasing oil prices in Turkey, the fuel released with legal regulations, as the supply of fuel and diesel oil from 2013 to domestic agricultural products produced in the gradually bio-fuel blending mandates. Accordingly; the supply of gasoline as fuel types on the market; 2% in...