The main focus of this paper is on the shadow economy labor force in OECD, developing and transition countries. As well as informal employment in the rural and non-rural sector, other measures of informal employment, such as the share of women and men, are also shown. The most influential...

The aim of the paper is to estimate the extent of the shadow economy in the regions of the European Union. For this purpose the multiple-indicators multiple-causes approach combined with elements of spatial econometrics is implemented. The analysis shows that the shadow economy is most extensive...

This paper presents estimations of the shadow economies for 162 countries, including developing, Eastern European, Central Asian, and high income OECD countries over 1999 to 2006/2007. According to our estimations, the weighted average size of the shadow economy (as a percentage of 'official'...