Arrangements (agreements, contracts, projects, etc.) are widespread economic events and are the fundamental concept of the economic theory. Infringements (breaches, modifications, changes, etc.) of arrangements are common and have a significant importance for the economic theory. For many years...

The paper reviews the salient features of officially dollarized economies (with particular reference to Panama) and discusses costs and benefits of official dollarization. Also, the paper reviews existing and some potential seigniorage sharing arrangements and discusses conditions that are...

As more nations in the Western Hemisphere consider adopting the U.S. dollar as their own major currency, this IMF economist separates fact from fiction concerning dollarization. How will the dollarized nations react to U.S. monetary policy over which they will have no say?

Further to investigation of how Malawi accumulated external debts amounting to $2.7 billion, without a corresponding growth in the economy, exports capability or poverty reduction this paper much of the borrowing contracted during 1973-82 was consumed by balance of payments deficits caused by...

This paper examines economic rationale and efficiency effects of proposals directed at alleviating debt problems of poor countries. Key to the investigation is determination of whether proposed mechanisms tackle fundamental causes of the debt crisis. The paper finds that despite the enthusiasm...

This five-chapter introduction into international money and foreign exchange markets covers all the basics, theoretical, institutional, as well as empirical. After a brief review of the money market, we discuss the size and structure of the foreign exchange markets. This information is then used...

The paper compares the costs and benefits of dollarization for the dollarizing country and the 'anchor' country.