We contrast the forecasting performance of alternative panel estimators, divided into three main groups: homogeneous, heterogeneous and shrinkage/Bayesian. Via a series of Monte Carlo simulations, the comparison is performed using different levels of heterogeneity and cross sectional dependence,...

This paper investigates the role of cross-sectional dependence among private forecasters, assessing its impact on the measurement and use of the forecasting uncertainty. We determine the circumstances under which cross-sectional measures of uncertainty (such as the disagreement across...