B2Bs are online markets where buyers and sellers trade products either in the spot market or via derivate instruments such as option contracts. Our goal in this paper is to show how procurement managers, in addition to buying on the spot market in cash (physical transactions), can integrate risk...

Online retailers (or Internet divisions of brick and mortar retailers) often offer shipping discounts (for example “free shipping on orders above $150”) to entice customers. The premise is that the retailer will attract more customers and these customers will likely buy more per order to...