Policy challenges facing African universities are well documented and relate to such issues as curricula, governance, funding, roles and expectations. To meet these challenges calls for radical and strategic changes that will impact on the overall policy and practice of universities as presently...

The traditional notion of security in international relations can be seen as something focusing on a state's concerns with safeguarding territory. The post-cold war era, characterised by issues such as economic dependency, intra-wars, globalisation and environmental degradation, resulted in new...

The USA and France are often perceived as having different, if not antipodal, legal and political systems. At first sight the treatment of the Muslim veil at school confirms this impression, for this piece of clothing is seen in the USA as a private symbol of religious devotion and benefits from...

The study deals with the control procedures in the policy field of the EU climate policy. Initially established hypothesis regarding the efficiency of the EU's climate strategy (H1) and the democratic legitimacy of the policy (H2) were developed on the basis of various theoretical concepts of...

Within a public environment in which accountability is at the forefront, an important evaluation question is how to document the economic value of innovation-related outputs and outcomes from intramural research relative to the cost of funding an intramural research programme. In this paper, we...

A new economic order based on globalisation and localisation processes has changed the fundamental economic systems. This resulted in a severe recession in the mid 1990s in Finland. In order to overcome the economic recession, the government and industry began to emphasise technology and...

'Involuntary self-employment' has recently received considerable political and media attention in Finland. The notion of involuntary self-employment has been used to refer to situations where an employer seeks increased flexibility and cost efficiency by 'pushing' former employees into new forms...

The 2004 Annual Review of Development Effectiveness (ARDE) analyses and evaluates the World Bank's development assistance activities. It concludes that the Bank has paid insufficient attention to issues of growth. Furthermore, it argues that without growth no sustainable poverty reduction is...