Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to expand and further pursue the quest on value transfer in trade. The reason is that the assessment of the cause, the source and the mechanism of value transfer in trade may reveal the rationale upon which the observed and long-lasting differences in...

Dualism - the division of an object of study into separate, paired elements - is widespread in economic and social theorising: key examples are the divisions between agency and structure, the individual and society, mind and body, values and facts, and knowledge and practice. In recent years,...

This article, making standard assumptions, tests the effect that cross price elasticity of demand has on consumer (directly) and producer (indirectly) behaviour. Two classes of utility functions are employed: one is U = X⊃nY⊃m, which is asymptotically convex and, hence, conventional; another...

Conventional consumer equivalence scales measure the cost of children (and other household living arrangements) but not their benefits. Since many people choose to have children, these costs must be outweighed by other benefits. This paper considers these issues of demographic choice and...