In this paper, we apply global value chain (GVC) analysis to study recent trends in the global electronic hardware industry and their implications for upgrading opportunities for firms from developing countries. We identify three key firm level actors – lead firms, contract manufacturers, and...

Despite the growing importance of international fragmentation of production, it is still difficult to accurately assess its real size and effect. Several different indicators were proposed over the last decade, but their capacity to provide precise and consistent results is often hindered by the...

Despite the growing importance of international fragmentation of production, it is still difficult to accurately assess its real size and effect. Several different indicators were proposed over the last decade, but their capacity to provide precise and consistent results is often hindered by the...

In this paper, we apply global value chain (GVC) analysis to recent trends in the global automotive industry. We focus on how the recent economic crisis has accelerated pre-crisis trends towards greater importance of the industry in the developing world. The regional structure of production in...

The starting point for this paper is a fundamental change currently occurring in the way innovation is organised in developed countries: it tended to be centralised at or near headquarters, but is now much more decentralised within the company. Equally if not more significant, innovation...