Bidirectional valuation models are based on numerical methods to obtain kernels of parabolic equations. Here we address the problem of robustness of kernel calculations vis a vis floating point errors from a theoretical standpoint. We are interested in kernels of one-dimensional diffusion...

We study the perpetual American call option pricing problem in a model of a financial market in which the firm issuing a traded asset can regulate the dividend rate by switching it between two constant values. The firm dividend policy is unknown for small investors, who can only observe the...