This paper analyzes the substantive issues in a US antitrust case under which retail pharmacists alleged that drug manufacturers conspired to avoid granting the retailers discounts that were offered to health maintenance organizations (HMOs). The HMOs are viewed as an innovative means of...

This paper reviews two early precedent-setting US antitrust decisions and asks a series of counter-factual questions. What if the Standard Oil Company had not been broken into 34 pieces? What if the United States Steel Corporation had been fragmented? It traces the qualitative evolution of the...

The histories of two 'great' US monopolization cases involving high-technology monopolies are summarized in this article. Its foci are the practices that led to antitrust intervention, the timeliness of antitrust challenges, how the relevant authorities evaluated the role that innovation played...