In this paper, we study the effects of tax-exempt debt on the supply of charity care of non-profit hospitals. We hypothesize that hospitals using tax-exempt rather than taxable debt are forced to provide higher levels of charity care as a condition for gaining access to the tax-exempt market....

Managed care has been hypothesized to increase patient travel for health care services by steering patients to more distant providers. This raises access concerns. However, if the result is to expand the geographic extent of provider markets, this may ease antitrust concerns about mergers. This...