We explore the relationship between proximity of buyers and sellers and the organizational form of outsourcing …. Outsourcing can be "contractual" in which suppliers undertake specific investments or involve "generic" market transactions …

We examine the impact on U.S. labor markets of offshore outsourcing in services to China and India. We also consider … positive effects of inshoring and smaller negative effects of offshore outsourcing. The net effect is positive. To illustrate … how small the effects are, suppose that over the next nine years all of inshoring and offshore outsourcing grew at rates …

In this paper, we develop a simple model of international outsourcing and apply it to processing trade in China. We …