countries are overrepresented. This is desired in the EU treaties. But the EU treaties also emphasise the importance of equality … and equal treatment of citizens by EU institutions. Inequality of representation in the European Parliament has been … representation and distribution of seats to countries. We do so within the constraints set by the EU treaties. • One option would be …

This Policy Contribution, based on a note written for the Bundestag EU Committee, explores the possible consequences of … a no-deal Brexit for the European Union and assesses preparations on the EU side. It also provides guidance on the … optimal strategy for the EU, depending on the choices made by the United Kingdom. Overall, a no-deal Brexit would be …

We study whether and to what extent EU countries implement recommendations on macroeconomic imbalances given by the EU … also study how EU recommendations on addressing macroeconomic imbalances compare to recommendations given by the … International Monetary Fund. Overall implementation of recommendations by EU countries has worsened in the last few years, in …

from the EU of the United Kingdom - home to the EU’s main capital market centre - makes the project even more relevant …. Although integrating and deepening capital markets has been a long standing goal of the EU, actual progress has been limited … development of EU capital markets. Although the European Council has repeatedly underlined the CMU’s importance, only a few of …

overall financial intermediation. In the EU, much of fintech is concentrated in the United Kingdom. We argue that policymakers … EU’s financial system? Getting the answers to these questions right at an early stage of market development would be an …

across and within EU countries. It is estimated that remaining non-tariff obstacles, in particular in services sectors, limit … intra-EU trade to a level about four times smaller than the intensity of trade between US states. By completing the single … market, the EU could generate significant income gains. However the more straightforward steps have already been taken, so …

investment in the EU. With these, this step would create a re-insurance framework to help euro-area countries absorb large shocks …. We consider a review of the EU budget and additional resources as conditions for this scenario. A system of check and …