innovation activities. The selection of high-skill managers is more important for innovation activities. As the economy … investments, but little selection. Closer to the world technology frontier, there is a switch to innovation-based strategy with …

We find that institutional ownership in publicly traded companies is associated with more innovation (measured by cite …, policy changes and disaggregating by type of owner we find that the effect of institutions on innovation does not appear to …

can be achieved with temporary taxation of dirty innovation and production; (ii) optimal policy involves both "carbon … exhaustible resource in dirty input production helps the switch to clean innovation under laissez-faire when the two inputs are …

-by-step innovation. Innovations result from costly R&D investments and move technology up one step. Competition is inversely measured by …-and-neck. All these results are consistent with the predictions of step-by-step innovation models. …

frontier. In vertically integrated firms, owners (managers) have to spend time both on production and innovation activities …, and this creates managerial overload, and discourages innovation. Outsourcing of some production activities mitigates the … frontier, the value of innovation increases, encouraging outsourcing. …