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We report a puzzling pair of facts concerning the organization of science. The concentration of research output is declining at the department level but increasing at the individual level. For example, in evolutionary biology, over the period 1980 to 2000, the fraction of citation-weighted...
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Intelligently allocating research effort and funds requires deciding whether to build on recent advances or on more established knowledge. When recent advances create superior opportunities for invention, their adoption as research inputs in the invention process promotes technological progress....
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We develop a model of induced innovation where research effort is a function of the death rate, and thus the potential … innovation based on differences in disease prevalence across population subgroups (i.e. race). Our model yields three empirical … population as a whole, induced innovation leads to growth in mortality disparities between minority and majority groups. Using …
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