function of patent characteristics, university policy, and inventor fields in order to examine the extent to which outside … function of patent characteristics, university policy, and inventor fields in order to examine the extent to which outside …

identifies a number of specific fact patterns under which the current U.S. patent system allows patent holders to capture private … deadweight loss associated with the patent system and discourage innovation by others. Economic efficiency is promoted if rewards … to patent holders are aligned with and do not exceed their social contributions. This paper analyzes two major reforms to …