aggregate export and FDI sales relative to the domestic and foreign market sizes. In particular, it is shown that firm level … heterogeneity is an important determinant of relative export and FDI flows. We use the model to derive testable empirical … predictions on the relative aggregate export and FDI sales in a given country for a given sector based both on relative costs and …

A gravity model is used to assess the separate effects of exchange rate volatility and currency unions on international … trade. The panel data set used includes bilateral observations for five years spanning 1970 through 1990 for 186 countries … same currency. I find a large positive effect of a currency union on international trade, and a small negative effect of …