This paper examines the political economy of U.S. trade policy around the time of the Smoot-Hawley tariff of 1930, a … period when policy was unconstrained by trade agreements. We consider a model of politically-optimal trade policy for a large … country that can influence its terms of trade and where workers and firms lobby for protection. The predictions of the model …

The decade from 1985 to 1995 was an unprecedented period of declining barriers to global trade. The reform wave was …

imports in an effort to force other countries to revalue their currencies against the dollar. The import surcharge was lifted … trade sanctions as part of the effort to get China to allow the renminbi to appreciate more rapidly …

partial equilibrium model to calculate the optimal export tax and its effect on prices, trade, and welfare. The results … export tax? This paper estimates the elasticity of foreign demand for U.S. cotton exports and uses the elasticity in a simple … indicate that the export demand elasticity for U.S. cotton was about -1.7 and that the optimal export tax of about 50 percent …

unions to estimate the effect of currency unions on trade using (then-) conventional gravity models. In this paper, we use a … variety of empirical gravity models to estimate the currency union effect on trade and exports, using recent data which … a smaller trade effect than other currency unions; it has a mildly stimulating effect at best. Third and most …

Do trade reforms that significantly reduce import barriers lead to faster economic growth? In the two decades since … reform episodes, and empirical country studies looking at the channels through which lower trade barriers may increase … productivity. A consistent finding is that trade reforms have a positive impact on economic growth, on average, although the effect …

imports and protect domestic producers from foreign competition, and to reach reciprocity agreements that reduce trade …This survey reviews the broad changes in U.S. trade policy over the course of the nation's history. Import tariffs have … been the main instrument of trade policy and have had three main purposes: to raise revenue for the government, to restrict …

The Constitution of 1787 was designed to give Congress powers over trade policy that it lacked under the Articles of … Britain's discriminatory trade policies. Obsessed with funding the national debt, Alexander Hamilton sought to avoid any … conflict with Britain that might disrupt imports and diminish the customs revenue flowing into the Treasury coffers. By …