The modern digital public sphere requires effective content moderation systems that balance the interests of states, technology companies, and the public. This article examines how two pieces of legislation establish regulatory intermediaries in an attempt to strike this balance: the EU's...

This article explores the implications of the infrastructural turn in internet governance, a policy shift where nation-states increasingly assert sovereignty through material interventions in the internet's physical and technical architecture. I propose a typology of six strategies that...

Online platforms have transformed how we live. This has raised concerns around how such platforms impact citizens' constitutionally-protected rights and freedoms, such as the freedom of expression and information, right to privacy, and protection from discrimination. To hold online platforms to...

The internet is the digital reincarnation of a Greek agora or a Roman forum. It works as a "place" for public and private life. As such, it requires reliable, trustful rules to govern the daily routine of its visitors/users. The governance of the internet has gone through a significant (if not...

Over the last decade, digital sovereignty has become a central element in policy discourses on digital issues. Although it has become popular in both centralised/authoritarian and democratic countries alike, the concept remains highly contested. After investigating the challenges to sovereignty...

Demands for a more democratic, transparent and accountable management of theinternet were strong when preparing for the World Summit on the Information Society Review(WSIS Review), held in 2015. Partly in response to criticism, the United States initiated aprocess for transferring responsibility...

Facing the fragmentation of digital space in the aftermath of the Snowden revelations, this article considers regulatory models available to avoid the balkanisation of the internet. Considering government-led surveillance in particular, available strategies are investigated to create a...

The European Union (EU) has, with increasing frequency, outlined an intention to strengthen its "digital sovereignty" as a basis for safeguarding European values in the digital age. Yet, uncertainty remains as to how the term should be defined, undermining efforts to assess the success of the...

Cryptoparties (CPs) are a global movement of forums where citizens can come to learn how to improve their digital privacy and security. The present paper is one of the few empirical studies on CPs and is based on participant observation of three CPs. I demonstrate that the organisers of CPs...