ownership, access and trade remains incompletely defined in the EU and elsewhere. De facto data ownership dominates and often …

three non-audio-visual digital media products (music, e-books and games) in the EU Digital Single Market. We find that cross …

In February 2018 the EU adopted the Geo-Blocking Regulation that prohibits any attempts to restrict consumer access to …-commerce, even if modest. We find that the regulation increased real cross-border e-commerce activity inside the EU from 9.2% to 13 …%, depending on model specifications. It increased cross-border trade between EU consumers and e-commerce sites anywhere in the …