Using data from the social survey ALLBUS for West Germany in the period 1980 to 2006, this paper demonstrates that union members are on average older than non-unionized employees. The probability of being unionized shows the inverted U-shaped pattern in age conjectured by Blanchflower (BJIR...

This paper provides a theoretical framework and some empirical information on the shift from industrialization to de-industrialization which typically occurs in the course of economic growth. It is suggested that such a non-monotonic structural change is caused by a diminishing productivity bias...