Since the beginning of the transformation of East Germany from a socialist planned economy to a market economy, there …, and political problems of East Germany, thereby narrowing the gap between East and West Germany. This paper uses panel … West Germany observed during the first years after reunification has not been maintained. In short, some East German …

This study provides insights into the effects of public R&D grants on R&D input and output of firms from Germany …

industries. The study is based on a new data source on subsidized R&D cooperation in Germany, which is presented in detail and …

Export is an important factor to improve growth and welfare especially for industrialized small, open economies such as … Belgium. Policy may be interested in key variables that can influence export. This paper finds evidence for the importance of … R&D for export activities using Belgian firm-level data. To control for reverse causality, R&D-subsidy variables are …

panel of exporting establishments from the manufac-turing sector of Germany from 1995 to 2004 to test three hypotheses … productive than firms that continue to export in t. (H2) Firms that start to export in year t are less productive than firms that … export both in year t-1 and in year t. (H3) Firms from a cohort of export starters that still export in the last year of the …

difference in the propensity to export between West and East German plants is to a large part due to differences in firm size and …