Since the beginning of the transformation of East Germany from a socialist planned economy to a market economy, there …, and political problems of East Germany, thereby narrowing the gap between East and West Germany. This paper uses panel … West Germany observed during the first years after reunification has not been maintained. In short, some East German …

entrepreneurship in Germany between 1991 and 2011, the first two decades after reunification. We investigate the socio … increase in self-employment in Germany by 40 percent which can partly be attributed to the transformation process of East … Germany and to the shift to the service sector. We notice a yearly start-up rate of 1 percent among the working population …

comparative analysis of the development of entrepreneurship in East and West Germany after World War II. The introduction of an … anti-entrepreneurial socialist economy in East Germany in 1949, and the subsequent transformation to a market economy four … analysis of East and West Germany assesses how these shocks affected the level of entrepreneurship at the regional level …

environmental conditions that are absent in smaller cities or remote and rural areas. Germany provides a clear counterexample to … such theories. We argue that a main force behind the geography of innovation in Germany is the country's federal tradition …

. In this process, the poorly functioning socialist system of East Germany adopted the formal institutions and organization … of West Germany, a western-style market economy. We investigate the effect of this integration on patenting activity by …, the gap between East and West Germany widened considerably over time. This divergence in innovation activity suggests that …

Based on representative micro data for Germany, we compare the incomes of self-employed with those of wage workers. Our …

Since the beginning of the transformation of East Germany from a socialist planned economy to a market economy, there …, and political problems of East Germany, thereby narrowing the gap between East and West Germany. This paper uses panel … West Germany observed during the first years after reunification has not been maintained. In short, some East German …