This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between self-employment and unem-ployment rates. On the one hand, high … unemployment rates may lead to start-up activity of self-employed individuals (the "refugee" effect). On the other hand, higher … rates of self-employment may indicate increased entrepreneurial activity reducing unemployment in subsequent periods (the …

This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between self-employment and unemployment rates. On the one hand, high … unemployment rates may lead to start-up activity of self-employed individuals (the "refugee" effect). On the other hand, higher … rates of self-employment may indicate increased entrepreneurial activity reducing unemployment in subsequent periods (the …

This paper investigates the relation between changes in self-employment and changes in unemployment at the regional … between two directions of causality. On the one hand increases in self-employment may contribute to lower unemployment rates … (the "entrepreneurial" effect). On the other hand, higher unemployment rates may push individuals into self …

extent it is the business cycle or the employment status influencing entry rates into entrepreneurship. Our analysis for … Germany reveals that start-up activities are positively influenced by unemployment rates and that the cyclical component of … of low and high unemployment periods reveals a low unemployment retard effect. …

extent it is the business cycle or the employment status influencing entry rates into entrepreneurship. Our analysis for … Germany reveals that start-up activities are positively influenced by unemployment rates and that the cyclical component of … of low and high unemployment periods reveals a "low unemployment retard effect". …

and drastic changes in the politic-economic environment. We thus conclude that regional entrepreneurship cultures do exist …

The 40 years of socialist regime in East Germany were characterized by a massive anti-entrepreneurship policy. We … investigate the reemergence of entrepreneurship in East Germany during its transformation to a market economy following the … market economy, suggesting the existence of a long-lasting regional entrepreneurship culture. …

for the East German recovery of entrepreneurship after 40 years of socialist regime. We find different results for self … particular increase of solo-entrepreneurship. …

We explore the role of different types of self-employment for a persistence of the regional level of entrepreneurship … regarded a rather weak form of entrepreneurship. …

Emerging literature shows that spatial differences in entrepreneurship tend to persist over longer periods of time. A … regional culture and a supporting environment in favor of entrepreneurship that particularly involves social capital. This … chapter summarizes the available empirical evidence on the regional persistence of entrepreneurship and elaborates in detail …