We investigate the role played by different fields of academic knowledge and various types of higher education … different indicators for these types of knowledge, the strongest effects are found for the number of professors, followed by the … the regional knowledge stock than the number of students that is most important for the emergence of innovative stat-ups. …

innovation culture today, evident by higher levels of quantity and quality entrepreneurship and innovation. The data indicate …

innovation activity. …

Based on detailed information about the regional knowledge base, particularly about universities, we find that regional … localized knowledge and, especially, of public research for the emergence of innovative new businesses. …

and in knowledge-intensive service industries make a larger direct contribution to employment than start-ups affiliated … with other industries. We also find a relatively strong overall effect of new business formation in knowledge …