applications from two potential employees. We consider whether the gender of the other employer will influence an employerś hiring … decision. We find that the gender mix among employers plays a role in the individual hiring decisions of female members. Female … about relative gender performance are significantly associated with the observed hiring bias, while implicit attitudes do …

factors could improve advice quality. Besides advisor competition and identifiability, we add the possibility for clients to … make a voluntary payment, a bonus, after observing advice quality. While the combination of competition and reputation …. Thus, our results suggest that a voluntary component can act as a substitute for either competition or reputation …

belief others do and their own action. These results indicate that expectations about the prevalent social norm might be …