the differences between standard poverty and inequality measures based on observed income and measures that are calculated …This paper examines the measurement of social welfare, poverty and inequality taking into account features that have … suggest a new notion of equivalent income, the income level with which the individual would be as well off, evaluated using a …

the differences between standard poverty and inequality measures based on observed income and measures that are calculated …This paper examines the measurement of social welfare, poverty and inequality taking into account features that have … suggest a new notion of equivalent income, the income level with which the individual would be as well off, evaluated using a …

. Further, the reduction of poverty is typically the expressed goal of such countries, and this feature is also taken into … account in our model. We derive the optimality conditions for linear income taxation, commodity taxation, and public provision … of private and public goods for the poverty minimization case, and compare the results to those derived under a general …

using a US$4/day line (over and above market income poverty). Net direct taxes are always equalizing and net indirect taxes …Using comparable fiscal incidence analysis, this paper examines the impact of fiscal policy on inequality and poverty … targeted at the rich. While fiscal policy always reduces inequality, this is not the case with poverty. Fiscal policy increases …

- better cushions the poverty effects of income shocks in a developing economy. We compare the effectiveness of the three … benefit schemes on poverty first conceptually and then by considering two different crisis scenarios, the COVID-19 pandemic … the proxy-means-tested benefits are the most effective in reducing the poverty gap index, a simple categorical benefit is …

Income inequality in Mexico increased between 1989 and 1994; between 1994 and 2006, inequality declined; and, between … labour income inequality and fiscal incidence analysis to estimate the first-order effects of taxes and social spending on … the distribution of income. The key component that underlies the "rise-decline-rise again" pattern was the evolution of …