Committed marketing cooperatives have ensured member support and because of pooling may have higher leverage relative to buy-sell cooperatives. The hypothesis tested in this article is that marketing cooperatives with pooling have less market risk compared with those without pools and as a...

Marketing cooperatives operating pools that consistently obtain member returns in excess of cash market prices must accommodate new members. In some cooperatives, the membership policy is based only on the capital plan. This article presents alternative membership policies for the acquisition...

The farm financial crisis, combined with deregulation of the U.S. banking system, has created a new environment within which the Farm Credit System competes. Despite their unique business clientele, the Banks for Cooperatives (BCs) have been adversely affected by this changed environment. In...