One approach to characterizing the elusive notion of emergence is to define that a property is emergent if and only if …

defined and investigated based on the theory of equity. In this paper, we investigate the Fairness Emergence hypothesis in … unstable system states and in the presence of adversaries. Moreover, we investigate the sensitivity of Fairness Emergence and … show that an improvement of the reputation system strengthens the emergence of fairness. Our results are confirmed using a …

An investigation into the conditions conducive to the emergence of heterogeneity amoung agents is presented. This is … facilitated the emergence of this heterogeneity. …

could provide the structure necessary for the true emergence of artificial societies, supporting a division of labour …