The popular Taylor rule is meant to inform monetary policy in economies that are closed. Its main open-economy alternative, i.e., Ball's (In: J.B. Taylor (Ed.), Monetary Policy Rules, University of Chicago Press, Chicago) rule based on a Monetary Conditions Index, cannot offer guidance for the...

We examine the role of money in three environments: the New Keynesian model with separable utility and static money demand; a nonseparable utility variant with habit formation; and a version with adjustment costs for holding real balances. The last two variants imply forward-looking behavior of...