concentration forces in third world urban centers. That is, whether trade costs interact with the traditional push-and-pull effects … and exacerbate the concentration effects. In particular, controlling for the traditional push-and-pull effects we … concentration forces in urban centers. In addition, we find no evidence that trade barriers across boarders encourage concentration …

whether those close and growing linkages have led to inter-country income convergence in Western Europe during 1960-2000. We … find clear empirical evidence of convergence. This provides strong support for the notion that Western Europe constitutes a … convergence club. …

A lack of economic convergence among euro member countries seems to be feeding euro-skepticism. Using a Structural … increased the symmetry of underlying shocks and accelerated the convergence process within this group. Even though the global … crisis of 2007~2009 disturbed the European convergence process, the expected endogeneity effects continue to be generated …

This paper investigates international output convergence using methods of panel data unit root testing advocated by Im … convergence with respect to the US or Germany. However, while the Im et al. t-bar test offers strong evidence in favor of … convergence, the Breuer et al. SURADF test suggests that this finding may in fact be driven by the rejection of non …

lack of real convergence. The paper investigates this …

This article analyses and explains the real convergence process in MENA countries over the past 50 years. It provides a … convergence of MENA countries towards the EU per capita income. Second, it provides an econometric modelling of the determinants … of convergence. Finally, it is based on a wide set of convergence indicators applied to various measures of per capita …

This paper examines empirically whether and how regional integration leads to convergence and growth amongst developing …

economic convergence of the real per capita GDP in the EU. Two measures of convergence are employed. The first is σ, which is … based on the cross standard deviation of the real per capita GDPs of the EU countries; the second is β convergence based on … support the hypothesis of economic convergence within the EU except for the 1980-85 sub-period where weak divergence was …

-economy exogenous growth model into a multi-country, open-economy endogenous growth model. Nevertheless, the conditional convergence and …