concentration forces in third world urban centers. That is, whether trade costs interact with the traditional push-and-pull effects … and exacerbate the concentration effects. In particular, controlling for the traditional push-and-pull effects we … concentration forces in urban centers. In addition, we find no evidence that trade barriers across boarders encourage concentration …

lack of real convergence. The paper investigates this …

This article analyses and explains the real convergence process in MENA countries over the past 50 years. It provides a … convergence of MENA countries towards the EU per capita income. Second, it provides an econometric modelling of the determinants … of convergence. Finally, it is based on a wide set of convergence indicators applied to various measures of per capita …

economic convergence of the real per capita GDP in the EU. Two measures of convergence are employed. The first is σ, which is … based on the cross standard deviation of the real per capita GDPs of the EU countries; the second is β convergence based on … support the hypothesis of economic convergence within the EU except for the 1980-85 sub-period where weak divergence was …

-economy exogenous growth model into a multi-country, open-economy endogenous growth model. Nevertheless, the conditional convergence and …

In this paper we propose the use of a sequential multivariate approach to test for convergence. These tests allow us to … reconcile the time series literature with the cross-sectional dimension which is basic when testing for convergence in regional … unit root tests in two stages. First, we test for non-convergence without identifying the countries within the group that …

This paper examines empirically whether and how regional integration leads to convergence and growth amongst developing …