In this paper, I reexamine the empirical relationship between trade openness and urban concentration. Using a panel data set of more than 110 countries for the period from 1970 through 2000, I find that previous results of a negative association between trade openness and the size of a country's...

It is occasionally argued that the formation of trading blocs between geographi - cally proximate countries should be encouraged because positive welfare effects are more likely to outweigh negative welfare effects. This paper presents a simple d i ff e rentiated products model that allows to...