certain aspects of the optimum currency area conditions, took into consideration three kinds of shocks, namely shocks in world … by world developments, this paper takes into consideration regional shocks, in addition to shocks in global and national …

and monetary shocks. The shocks are identified through the imposition of long-run restrictions, which are extracted from a …, the shocks are used to construct indicators relevant to monetary integration. Using the Euro-11 countries as benchmark …

altered in an open economy setting. The model clearly suggests that short run and long run multiplier effects of shocks …

, there is considerable debate ongoing on the subject of common currency. This paper examines the patterns of shocks, which … have affected the region during the last two decades; seeks to investigate whether these shocks have been of similar nature …

In this paper, we focus on the issue of shocks asymmetries in the future Euro - pean Monetary Union. Relying on the …

potential importance of the type of shocks that initiate co-move - ments between aggregate activity and export volume. Our … autoregressive representations of the U.S. macroeconomy that explicitly recognize the potential importance of the type of shocks that … that allows for the possibility that monetary and other shocks have important effects on the costs of committing resources …