This paper argues that a fundamental aspect of the process of financialization is the transformation and evolution of certain key institutions. In national spaces, these include those that play essential roles in financing economic activity, such as the central bank and the commercial banking...

One of the most important elements of financial crises is the credit restriction that follows and the immediate consequences it has on investment and employment. In the post-Keynesian vision, an exit from economic crises frequently requires increased demand, specifically through public...

Mainstream thinking seems to support the idea that once a financial crisis <i>ends</i> everything returns to normal. At the most, some regulatory changes on capital and reserves of the banks could be required. However, to understand what really happens during financial crises and the changes in overall...