The well-known modes of raising and mobilizing venture capital in Islam known as mudarabah and musharakah (m&m) in Islamic economics are critically examined. In the form as m&m presently exist, they are pointed out to be pre-Islamic financing instruments that came into usage in the Islamic...

Purpose – This paper aims to address the important issue of world food pricing from a new perspective of demand, supply production and preferences. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews the models of demand and supply and introduces the author's own modeling idea in this field of...

Purpose – This paper aims to address the important issue of world food pricing from a new perspective of demand, supply production and preferences. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews the models of demand and supply and introduces the author's own modeling idea in this field of...

The well‐known modes of raising and mobilizing venture capital in Islam known as mudarabah and musharakah (m&m) in Islamic economics are critically examined. In the form as m&m presently exist, they are pointed out to be pre‐Islamic financing instruments that came into usage in the Islamic...