We show that both the outside and inside innovators license a new product (or drastic process innovation) to all potential licensees in the presence of convex costs, which occur under decreasing returns to scale technologies. An implication of our analysis is that a monopolist producer may...

This paper examines the role of government policy in technology licensing decision. We show that both the outside and the inside innovators license a new product (or drastic process innovation) to all potential licensees in the presence of tax/subsidy policies. An implication of our analysis is...

We show that if the product market is not very much concentrated, open shop union, where the union density is less than one, may not be a justification for a positive relationship between product market competition and unionized wage, irrespective of the union density, bargaining power of the...

Why do producers often accept parallel trade in some markets such as automobiles, clothing, toys and consumer electronics? This paper points to a new factor, viz., the wage reducing effect of parallel trade in unionized markets, which may make parallel trading beneficial to a manufacturer. The...