This article deals with various methods concerning income advantages of owner occupied housing (imputed rental value or imputed rents), which shows to be one of the most important non-monetary income components. We also explore the effects of such advantages on the personal distribution of...

The premium rates paid for statutory health insurance in Germany play a key role in the competition among health care funds. With the most recent health care reform (GKV-Wettbewerbsstaerkungsgesetz GKV-WSG), a range of new products have been introduced that could erode the advantageous selling...