The premium rates paid for statutory health insurance in Germany play a key role in the competition among health care funds. With the most recent health care reform (GKV-Wettbewerbsstaerkungsgesetz GKV-WSG), a range of new products have been introduced that could erode the advantageous selling...

This article deals with various methods concerning income advantages of owner occupied housing (imputed rental value or imputed rents), which shows to be one of the most important non-monetary income components. We also explore the effects of such advantages on the personal distribution of...