In this paper we propose a solution to the non-robustness that plagues the estimation of inverted U-shaped relationships using panel data, such as the relation between pollution and income. When dependent and independent variable (like pollution and income) are both time related, separating the...

Are elected politicians primarily motivated by holding office, thus choosing environmental policies accordingly? Or are they motivated by the chance to implement their preferred environmental policies? Do governors have character, in the sense that they promise and implement environmental...

This paper sheds new light on the determination of environmental tax policies in majoritarian federal electoral systems, such as the U.S., and derives implications for the environmental federalism debate on whether the national or local government should have authority over environmental taxes....