The independence of Switzerland from the EU has allowed the development of unilateral agri-environmental policies. Article 31b provides a comprehensive approach to ecological farming that now covers more than half of the farmed area of the country. It is a progressive direct payment system...

The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 places a duty on highways and national park authorities to establish local access forums (LAFs), to advise on the improvement of public access to land for the purposes of open air recreation and enjoyment. This paper examines these proposals in the...

An increasing interest in community participation (CP) in many areas of policy has grown as governments move from an executive to an enabling role. The development of CP in rural policy in the UK is charted and can be seen now as a requirement rather than an opportunity in policy implementation....