This paper presents two classes of tick-by-tick covariance estimators adapted to the case of rounding in the price time stamps to a frequency lower than the typical arrival rate of tick prices. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the behavior of such estimators under realistic market...

This paper presents two classes of tick-by-tick covariance estimators adapted to the case of rounding in the price time stamps to a frequency lower than the typical arrival rate of tick prices. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the behavior of such estimators under realistic market...

We propose an affine term structure model which accommodates nonlinearities in the drift and volatility function of the short-term interest rate. Such nonlinearities are a consequence of discrete beta-distributed regime shifts constructed on multiple thresholds. We derive iterative closed-form...

The daily term structure of interest rates is filtered to reduce the influence of cross-correlations and autocorrelations on its factors. A three-factor model is fitted to the filtered data. We perform statistical tests, finding that factor loadings are unstable through time for daily data. This...