regressions. Findings – During the study time period, MFIs involved in the provision of group loans and with a higher percentage … of loans to women had lower costs. The presence of subsidies is also found to be associated with higher MFI costs. Social … implications – Providing financial services to women, and use of group loans was associated with lower costs in Eastern Europe and …

policy seems to reduce the level of problem loans. The paper also reports a desirable impact of private ownership, foreign … reducing credit exposure of financial institutions. However, in developed countries, foreign entry led to more problem loans …Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyse the cross-countries determinants of nonperforming loans …

policy seems to reduce the level of problem loans. The paper also reports a desirable impact of private ownership, foreign … reducing credit exposure of financial institutions. However, in developed countries, foreign entry led to more problem loans …Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyse the cross‐countries determinants of nonperforming loans …

regressions. Findings – During the study time period, MFIs involved in the provision of group loans and with a higher percentage … of loans to women had lower costs. The presence of subsidies is also found to be associated with higher MFI costs. Social … implications – Providing financial services to women, and use of group loans was associated with lower costs in Eastern Europe and …

. Although bank loans still account for the majority of credit provided to China’s real economy, other channels of credit …