Mixtures of increasing failure rate distributions (IFR) can decrease at least in some intervals of time. Usually this property is observed asymptotically as time tends to infinity , which is due to the fact that a mixture failure rate is ‘bent down’, as the weakest populations are dying out...

Does a woman’s reproductive history influence her life span? This study explores the question on the basis of data from two contemporary female populations: England & Wales and Austria. It is the first comparative study that investigates the relationship between fertility and mortality late in...

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At the beginning of the transition period, many Russian households faced substantial economic hardships and uncertainties. An economic downturn had become one of the major factors respon-sible for the significant and rapid decline of Russian fertility. However, many households tried to cope with...

The paper provides an analysis of divorce risk in first marital unions in Russia, with a major focus on the impact of premarital conception on the stability of subsequent marriage. A number of other predictors are also discussed, including age at first marriage, parity and age of the youngest...

A bivariate competing risks problem is considered for a rather general class of survival models. The lifetime distribution of each component is indexed by a frailty parameter. Under the assumption of conditional independence of components the correlated frailty model is considered. The explicit...

Using data from the first round of the national Gender and Generations Surveys of Russia, Romania, and Bulgaria, and from a similar survey for Hungary, we study rates of entry into marital and non-marital unions and display manifestations of the Second Demographic Transition in these data. The...

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Burn-in is a widely used engineering method which is adopted to eliminate defective items before they are shipped to customers or put into the field operation. In the studies of burn-in, the assumption of bathtub shaped failure rate function is usually employed and optimal burn-in procedures are...

Period fertility rates fell to previously unseen low levels in a large number of countries beginning in the early 1990s. The persistence of Total Fertility Rates under 1.3 raised the possibility of dramatic, rapid population aging as well as population decline. In an analysis of recent trends,...