Since gender-specific mortality differences are known a great deal of research has been conducted on this subject. The resulting hypotheses for explaining male excess mortality can be sub-divided into two basic categories: the biological approach (focusing on biological and genetic factors) and...

Bongaarts and Feeney’s papers on tempo distortions stirred the world of demographers and divided their community into tempo supporters and tempo opponents. The number of scholars following the tempo approach in fertility continues to grow, whereas tempo-adjustment in mortality still is...

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