relative importance of alcohol in violence and injury rates is directly related to per capita consumption, and build on that … finding to generate estimates. A conservative estimate is that the federal tax (which increased alcohol prices by 6% initially …

We consider the effect of legal access to alcohol on student achievement. Our preferred approach identifies the effect … through changes in one's performance after gaining legal access to alcohol, controlling flexibly for the expected evolution of …

effect of increased alcohol availability on marijuana use. We find that consumption of marijuana decreases sharply at age 21 …, while consumption of alcohol increases, suggesting that marijuana and alcohol are substitutes. We further find that the … substitution effect between alcohol and marijuana is stronger for women than for men. Our results suggest that policies designed to …

We evaluate the health effects of a reduction in New Zealand's minimum legal purchase age for alcohol. Difference …-in-differences (DD) estimates show a substantial increase in alcohol-related hospitalizations among those newly eligible to purchase … ineligible younger cohorts. There is little evidence of alcohol either complementing or substituting for drugs. We do not find …